2006-01 Underage Drinking

2006-01  National Institutes on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism \underage drinking\alcoholism\alcoholic beverages/risk\alcohol abuse http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/aa67/aa67.htm Underage Drinking Underage Drinking  Alcohol is the drug of choice among youth. Many young people are experiencing the consequences of drinking too much, at too early an age. As a result, underage drinking is a leading public health problem in this country.

Each year, approximately 5,000 young people under the age of 21 die as a result of underage drinking; this includes about 1,900 deaths from motor vehicle crashes, 1,600 as a result of homicides, 300 from suicide, as well as hundreds from other injuries such as falls, burns, and drownings (1–5).

Yet drinking continues to be widespread among adolescents, as shown by nationwide surveys as well as studies in smaller populations. According to data from the 2005 Monitoring the Future (MTF) study, an annual survey of U.S. youth, three-fourths of 12th graders, more than two-thirds of 10th graders, and about two in every five 8th graders have consumed alcohol. And when youth drink they tend to drink intensively, often consuming four to five drinks at one time. MTF data show that 11 percent of 8th graders, 22 percent of 10th graders, and 29 percent of 12th graders had engaged in heavy episodic (or “binge1”) drinking within the past two weeks (6) (see figure). (1 The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism [NIAAA] defines binge drinking as a pattern of drinking alcohol that brings blood alcohol concentration [BAC] to 0.08 grams percent or above. For the typical adult, this pattern corresponds to consuming five or more drinks [men], or four or more drinks [women], in about 2 hours.)

Research also shows that many adolescents start to drink at very young ages. In 2003, the average age of first use of alcohol was about 14, compared to about 17 1/2 in 1965 (7,8). People who reported starting to drink before the age of 15 were four times more likely to also report meeting the criteria for alcohol dependence at some point in their lives (9). In fact, new research shows that the serious drinking problems (including what is called alcoholism) typically associated with middle age actually begin to appear much earlier, during young adulthood and even adolescence.

Other research shows that the younger children and adolescents are when they start to drink, the more likely they will be to engage in behaviors that harm themselves and others. For example, frequent binge drinkers (nearly 1 million high school students nationwide) are more likely to engage in risky behaviors, including using other drugs such as marijuana and cocaine, having sex with six or more partners, and earning grades that are mostly Ds and Fs in school (10).

Re arguments for prohibiting drinking at younger ages:

This document does not address the question of whether earlier drinking causes alcoholism as opposed to both being symptoms of an existing tendency. (Correlation does not imply causation.) Part of the quote ("...serious drinking problems ... actually begin to appear much earlier...") actually implies pretty heavily that the researchers believe the earlier onset to be a symptom, not a cause -- but again, this is never stated (or contradicted) explicitly, so it may be that they are simply observing and not interpreting.

Because of that ambiguity, this page cannot be used to argue the question of whether permitting drinking at earlier ages leads to a greater incidence of alcoholism.

Why Do Adolescents Drink, What Are the Risks, and How Can Underage Drinking Be Prevented?   