Issuepedia:Voting

Overview
e are currently working on the idea of a voting system for Issuepedia. This would be an essential piece of infrastructure for electronically mediated self-governance, which is part of Issuepedia's larger mission.

This project will be developed and tested on the Issuepedia Voting site, which started as an approach to the same problem from a different angle.

Tentative Working Description

 * Users put tags on their pages to indicate how they vote on issues. Users can optionally put additional explanatory text after the tag, with some kind of closing tag to show where the text-related-to-this-vote ends.
 * The extension parses the users' tags and shows (a) at the tag: a link to the issue in question, along with a clear indication of how the user voted (possibly something attractive/colorful... similar to the tags used by many Wikipedians to indicate their support of or interest in various topics); and (b) on the issue page: a count of votes, with an option to also see all the explanations.
 * User can change their vote at any time; changes will be shown in the page history for the user's page, but attention need not otherwise be drawn to such changes.

Eventual Features
These features would be nice (and perhaps necessary for certain types of issues) but don't have to be part of the first working version.
 * It should be made easy to take a "snapshot" of the vote at any particular time; e.g. if a decision has to be made at a certain point, we will want a record of what the final vote was (and possibly a complete record of all votes comprising the total). Preferably this could even be automated, so that I could set up a vote to be recorded at exactly 2:00 in the morning, then go to bed and know that it would be done.
 * Recording of votes by user attribute, e.g. location (if the vote has to do with a local issue -- votes from voters actually in the affected area should probably carry more weight than those from outside and be recorded separately, although it could be informative to allow/record votes and comments from outside as well)

Evaluation
Advantages of this design over most other designs:
 * Prevents duplicate votes
 * Encourages registration
 * Makes it easy to see any one person's voting record
 * Invites discussion rather than popularity-contestism
 * Allows opinion to be dynamic as much as possible

Disadvantages over most other designs:
 * Prevents voting by "guest" (anonymous) users, reducing overall vote count (but this may be a blessing in disguise, as anonymous voters have less incentive to invest effort in working out rational solutions) (perhaps an anonymous vote count could be kept separately; anonymous users do get "user" pages based on IP address...)
 * Does not support secret ballots (I'm skeptical of the value of secret ballots in this sort of context anyway, but the issue should probably be raised and discussed...)

Voting System
We will almost certainly abandon the single choice binary voting system used in most official elections (especially in the 🇺🇸), which appears to be at the heart of the highly non-competitive "two-party system" – in which a vote for the candidate you really want is generally "wasted" – in favor of a system which more accurately captures the actual preferences of the voters.

By far the best system appears, at present, to be range voting, which is essentially rating every choice on a -10 to +10 scale and then adding all the ratings together for each choice. You "vote for" or against as many options as you like, and you can add your weight in support of (or against!) alternative choices to whatever degree you wish. So if you really like Candidate X, would accept Candidate Y, and hate Candidate Z, you could vote +10 for X, +5 for Y, and -10 for Z. If X doesn't receive enough votes to win, you've still given Y a 15 point boost over Z.

There are, however, several other systems to examine; it may be that we would want to have more than one possible system available for different circumstances.

deadlined decisions

 * How do we decide when an issue has been sufficiently discussed and examined that a deadlined vote will be sufficiently well-informed?
 * Perhaps there should be a system whereby voters could automatically cause a deadline to be postponed... but how to avoid abuse of the system? (In what ways might such a system be abused? Think of scenarios.)
 * Perhaps a deadline could be postponed by appeal to a judicial branch? Petitioners should explain why they believe the deadline should be postponed, and for how long; a judge would examine the argument and make the decision. Judges would be elected using the same voting system. (Should petitioners be allowed to choose which judge decides their case?)
 * Anyone proposing a deadlined vote could put it through a review process much like that originally planned for Issuegroups. Stage 1: Comment on content. Stage 2: Propose a vote to be counted on a certain date; if no serious objections, then the vote is counted on the date proposed.

Time-dependent decisions might include the following:
 * Vote to issue a signed position letter on a particular date
 * Vote for a boycott or "buying surge" of some particular brand or product on a particular date (I'm pretty sure I've discussed this idea elsewhere...)

anonymous voting
Do we want to support authenticated anonymous voting? That is, voting where we positively establish the identity of each voter, but the voter's actual vote is kept secret (but verifiable!) somehow. There are robust ways to do this, but it would have to be a separate system from the user-page-based system proposed here. (See voting system software for an older discussion which should probably be dusted off and updated.)

Sockpuppetry
There are various ways to prevent this, with varying degrees of effort and varying results.